Every new generation of wireless networks delivers faster speeds and more functionality to our smartphones. 1G brought us the very first cell phones. 2G led us to text for the first time. 3G brought us online, and 4G delivered the speeds that we enjoyed today. But as more users come online, 4G networks have just about reached the limit of what they’re capable of at a time when users want even more data for their smartphones and devices. Now we’re headed towards 5G, the next generation of wireless. It will be able to handle a thousand times more traffic than today’s networks, and it’ll be up to 10 times faster than 4G LTE. Just imagine downloading an HD movie in under a second and then let your imagination run wild. 5G will be the foundation for virtual reality, autonomous driving the Internet of things and stuff we can’t even yet imagine.
What exactly is a 5G network? The truth is, experts can’t tell us what 5G actually is because they don’t even know yet. But right now, there are five brand new technologies emerging as the Foundation of 5G millimetre waves. Small cells, massive MIMO beamforming and full-duplex.
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How 5G works?
First up, Technology Number one, Millimetres Waves Your smartphone and other electronic devices in your home use very specific frequencies on the radio frequency spectrum, typically those under six gigahertz. But these frequencies are starting to get more crowded. Carriers can only squeeze so many bits of data on the same amount of radio frequency spectrum. As more devices come online, we’re going to start to see slower service and more drop connections.
The solution is to open up some new real estate. So researchers are experimenting with broadcasting on shorter millimetres waves, those that fall between 30 and 300 gigahertz. millimetre waves, those that fall between 30 and 300 gigahertz. devices, and opening it up means more bandwidth for everyone. But there is a catch. Millimetre waves can’t travel well through buildings or other Millimeter waves can’t travel well through buildings or others. To get around this problem, we’ll need.
Technology number two, Small Cell Networks Today’s wireless networks rely on large, high powered cell towers to broadcast their signals over long distances. But remember, higher frequency millimetre waves have a harder behind one, you lose your signal. Small cell networks would solve that problem using thousands of low power mini base stations. of low power mini base stations. Towers, forming a sort of relay team to transmit signals around obstacles. This would be especially useful in cities. As the user moved behind an obstacle, his smartphone would automatically switch to a new base station in better range of his device, allowing him to keep his connection.
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Next up, Technology Number three, Massive MIMO stands for multiple inputs, multiple outputs. Today’s, 4G base stations have about a dozen ports for antennas that handle all cellular traffic. But massive MIMO base stations can support about 100 ports. This could increase the capacity of today’s networks by a factor of 22 or more. Of course, massive MIMO comes with its own complications. Today’s cellular antennas broadcast information in every direction at once and all of those crossing signals cause serious interference.
Technology number four, Beamforming. Beamforming is like a traffic signalling system for cellular signals. Instead of broadcasting in every direction, it would allow a base station to send a focused stream of data to a specific user. This precision prevents interference, and it’s way more efficient. That means stations could handle more incoming and outgoing data streams at once. Here’s how it works, say you’re in a cluster of buildings and you’re trying to make a phone call. Your signal is ricocheting off of surrounding buildings and your signal is ricocheting off of surrounding buildings and a massive MIMO base station receives all of these signals arrival.
It then uses signal processing algorithms to triangulate exactly where each signal is coming from and plots the best transmission route back through the air to each phone. Sometimes it’ll even bounce individual packets of data in different directions off of buildings or other objects to keep signals from interfering with each other. The result is a coherent data stream sent only to you, which The result is a coherent data stream sent only to you, which If you’ve ever used a walkie talkie, you know that in order to communicate, you have to take turns talking and listening.
Today’s cellular base stations have that exact same holdup. A basic antenna can only do one job at a time, either transmit or receive. This is because of a principle called reciprocity, which is the tendency for radio waves to travel both forward and is the tendency for radio waves to travel both forward.
Researchers have used Silicon transistors to create high-speed switches that halt the backward roll of these waves. It’s kind of like a signalling system that can momentarily reroute to train so that they can get past each other. That means there’s a lot more getting done on each track a whole lot faster. We’re still working out many of the kinks with millimetre waves, small film networks, massive MIMO beamforming, and fold duplex. In fact, all of 5G is still a work in progress. It will likely include other new technologies, too, and making all of these systems work together will be a whole other challenge.
When 5G will launch in India ?
Jio has also announced that they will be ready to deploy 5G in 2021. Due to the increasingly high costs of building the infrastructure, it might take 2-5 years for 5G to be successfully launched all across India.
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